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New Test That Detects 14 Cancers Focuses on Sugars, Not DNA
Much attention has been given recently to the idea of detecting many different types of cancer from a single blood test, and a new test claiming to do that has just been reported.
The leader in this field is the Galleri test (from GRAIL) which is already in clinical use in some healthcare networks across the United States. That test uses next-generation sequencing to analyze the arrangement of methyl groups on circulating tumor (or cell-free) DNA (cfDNA) in a blood sample.
The new test, under development by Swedish biotechnology company Elypta AB, has a different premise. It can detect 14 cancer types based on the analysis of glycosaminoglycans, which are a diverse group of polysaccharides that are altered by the presence of tumors. Using plasma and urine samples, the method had a 41.6%–62.3% sensitivity for detecting stage 1 cancer at 95% specificity.
In comparison, say the authors, other assays have reported 39%–73% sensitivity to stage I cancers, but these estimates are usually limited to 12 cancer types that are considered “high-signal” and perform poorly in cancers that emit little cfDNA, such as genitourinary and brain malignancies.
“The main advantage of glycosaminoglycans appears to be that they change in the blood and urine at the earliest stages of cancer,” said study author Francesco Gatto, PhD, founder and chief scientific officer at Elypta. “Consequently, this method showed an impressive detection rate in stage I compared to other emerging methods.”
The study was published online December 5 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
via Blogger https://bit.ly/3PILCuC
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