Meniscus Injuries

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What is a Meniscus?

The Menisci are two horseshoe shaped rings of cartilage which are found within the knee joint. There is a medial meniscus, on the inside of the joint and a lateral meniscus on the outside of the joint.


They are positioned within the knee joint, sitting on the flat, top surface of the Tibia (shin bone). Their job is to provide shock absorption for the knee joint and providing a cushioned surface for weight distribution and interaction between the Tibia and Femur (thigh bone).

What is a meniscus injury?

Meniscus injuries are tears to these rings of cartilage. The medial meniscus is more commonly torn than the lateral meniscus. This type of injury usually occurs following a trauma to the knee, such as a tackle in contact sports or twisting force to the knee. Damage to the cartilage can also develop over long periods of time, especially in sports people, who can suffer degenerative changes to the menisci.

Symptoms of medial meniscus tear

  • A traumatic incident usually causing twisting at the knee
  • Pain usually on the inside of the knee if the medial meniscus is torn, or the outside if the lateral meniscus is torn.
  • The knee usually swells up, but this can sometimes be delayed.
  • There may be clicking, locking or a feeling of instability. 


Treatment

  • The RICE protocol should be used as soon as possible after the injury (Rest; Ice; Compression; Elevation
  • Some tests can indicate cartilage damage but you may be sent for an MRI scan.
  • Consult a Chiropractor or other Sports Injury professional.
  • An MD or DO may prescribe anti-inflammatories such as Ibuprofen.
  • Some meniscus injuries are treated conservatively using rehabilitation exercises.
  • Surgery is used in more severe cases.
  • In addition to immediate first aid the athlete can do the following:
  • Protect the injured knee by taping or wearing a knee brace.

Surgery

Surgery is common for meniscus injuries, especially more severe tears such as a bucket handle tear. An arthroscope is used (keyhole surgery) to limit damage to surrounding structures. The cartilage tear is usually stitched to repair it and to remove as little of the cartilage as possible. After surgery, rehabilitation is a priority. This usually involves getting a full range of motion back in the knee and strengthening the surrounding muscles to help stabilize the knee.


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