High-fat Diets = Some Types of Breast Cancer
Women who eat a lot of fat, particularly saturated fat, may be at higher risk of certain types of breast cancer, new research suggests.
The new report, a second analysis of a large, long-term study, suggests that fat may play a role in the development of certain forms of the disease but not others, the authors said.
Still, it cannot prove that a high-fat diet is the reason any of the women got cancer.
“In our study we confirm that saturated fat intake was positively associated with breast cancer risk,” lead author Sabina Sieri, from the Fondazione IRCCS National Cancer Institute in Milan, Italy, told Reuters Health in an email.
Saturated fat in the diet most often comes from meat and other animal products like butter and cheese.
The research team’s findings are based on a study of about 337,000 women from 10 European countries. They filled out questionnaires about their diet and lifestyle and were followed for an average of 11 to 12 years.
During that time, about 10,000 of the women were diagnosed with breast cancer.
They found that women with diets high in saturated fat were 28 percent more likely to develop tumors that had receptors for estrogen and progesterone than women with the lowest saturated fat in their diets. The pattern was similar for total fat intake.
However, the chance of developing breast tumors without receptors for those hormones was not linked to dietary fat, according to the findings published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
The researchers said it’s possible dietary fat increases the level of sex hormones in the body. That could explain why high-fat diets are tied to a greater risk of tumors whose growth is related to estrogen and progesterone, known as hormone-receptor-positive cancers. Those cancers make up the majority of breast cancer diagnoses.
The findings are consistent with recent research looking at specific types of breast cancer and make sense based on what is known about the biological effects of dietary fat.
“Saturated fat is bad for heart disease anyway,” Holmes said.
“The associations with dietary fat are much stronger for heart disease, which still kills more women than breast cancer in the United States.”
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