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Isometric Exercise Optimal for Lowering Blood Pressure?
Isometric exercise training emerged as the most effective mode to reduce blood pressure in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 270 randomized trials with close to 16,000 participants.
The findings support the development of new exercise guidelines for blood pressure control, the authors say.
Previous research, based on older data that excluded high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and isometric exercise training (IET), led to aerobic exercise training (AET) being recommended for managing blood pressure, according to the authors.
Although AET, HIIT, dynamic resistance training (RT) and combined training (CT) are also effective in reducing both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the new analysis suggests that IET does it best.
The analysis showed reductions in blood pressure of 8.24/4 mm Hg after IET, compared with 4.49/2.53 mm Hg after AET; 4.55/3.04 mm Hg after RT; 6.04/2.54 mm Hg after CT; and 4.08/2.50 mm Hg after HIIT.
“These findings mirror our smaller-scale trials, and therefore we anticipated that isometrics would be largely effective,” Jamie O’Driscoll, PhD, of Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK told theheart.org | Medscape Cardiology. However, “the magnitude of difference between isometrics and some other modes was surprising.”
The study was published online July 25 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Running was the most effective submode for lowering DBP (91.3%), followed by isometric wall squat, isometric handgrip, isometric leg extension, cycling, sprint interval training, RT, AIT, other aerobic, CT, and walking.
The authors acknowledge limitations, including variability in exercise interventions, missing data, variable quality of exercise monitoring and analyses, lack of blinding to group allocation, varying participant populations, and publication bias.
Br J Sports Med. Published online July 25, 2023. Abstract
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