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Gut Microme of babies shows the Western world is missing something
An unprecedented look at how the gut microbiome varies among babies in different parts of the world reveals that infants in the West lack a microbe that is common elsewhere. This could aid the development of probiotics, which are sometimes given to premature babies, that are tailored according to where the infant lives, to maximize the chance of these bacteria becoming established.
The first 1000 days of a child’s life are very important for seeding their microbiome, which influences everything from their immune function and mental health to their future disease risk. Our understanding of this was almost exclusively limited to infants in the West, but now, a global atlas of baby microbiomes is finally providing a broader picture.
This suggests that B. longum longum and B. longum infantis – which both help to develop the immune system and prevent gut and blood infections – are primarily found in distinct regions, says Shao.
This is probably because they thrive on different diets, he says. “Bifidobacteria help to digest nutrients from breast milk, and the composition of this varies with the mother’s diet, so it could be that longum [longum] is better adapted to a Western diet while infantis thrives on diets in other regions,” he says. The babies without either B. longum longum or B. longum infantis probably had other, similar bacteria established in their gut microbiome, like Bifidobacterium breve, says Shao.
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