Circadian Rhythms

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Circadian Rhythms

Your body runs on a natural 24‑hour cycle tied to the light–dark pattern of day and night. When this circadian rhythm is disrupted, sleep, alertness, and overall health can suffer. The American Heart Association (AHA) notes that maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm helps reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

The circadian system is controlled by the brain’s central clock—the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)—which responds to light and coordinates hormones, body temperature, metabolism, and sleep–wake timing across the body’s organs. Light exposure during the day keeps you alert, while signals decrease as bedtime approaches.

Disruptions occur when sleep and daily routines fall out of sync with this cycle—such as with shift work, jet lag, irregular sleep schedules, late-night eating, or nighttime exposure to artificial light. Even common habits like sleeping in on weekends can throw the rhythm off.

Chronic circadian disruption has been linked to higher risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and possibly certain cancers. Artificial light at night and reduced sleep in our “24/7” lifestyle are major contributors.

To restore your circadian rhythm, keep consistent sleep, meal, and exercise times and get regular daytime sunlight. Melatonin may help in some cases (such as jet lag), but usually only in small doses taken a few hours before bedtime and under medical guidance. Natural light exposure remains the most powerful way to keep your body’s internal clock properly aligned.

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