Effect of BPA on Male Hormone Disruption

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Effect of BPA on Male Hormone Disruption

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) known to interfere with normal hormone function, particularly by mimicking or blocking the action of sex hormones and disrupting hormone-regulating axes, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes.

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Mechanisms of Hormonal Disruption

  • BPA’s molecular structure allows it to act as a hormone mimic or anti-hormone, especially similar to estrogen, and interfere with the body’s hormone receptors.​
  • It can block androgen receptors and prevent natural hormones like testosterone from binding, leading to lowered testosterone and potentially impacting fertility and reproductive development.​
  • BPA disrupts the feedback mechanisms of both the HPG and HPT axes, leading to altered biosynthesis and release of gonadotropins, sex hormones, and thyroid hormones.​

Documented Effects on Reproductive Hormones

  • BPA exposure is linked to higher rates of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, with evidence for increased testosterone and insulin resistance, disrupted ovarian steroidogenesis, and altered ovarian reserve.​
  • In men and boys, BPA has been shown to reduce testosterone and interfere with reproductive organ development, sperm quality, and secondary sexual characteristics.​
  • Animal studies show early or irregular estrus cycles, impaired follicle development, and increased occurrence of ovarian cysts with BPA exposure.​
  • BPA may alter pubertal timing, as higher BPA exposure in girls is associated with delayed menarche and later development of pubic hair stages.

Effects on Thyroid and Other Hormones

  • BPA disrupts thyroid hormone production (T3 and T4), which regulate metabolism, growth, and brain development; this disruption may lead to hypothyroidism, lower energy, and developmental issues—particularly in children.​
  • BPA’s impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis can affect stress response and cognitive development in childhood.​
  • Epigenetic and Multi-Generational Impacts
  • BPA can induce epigenetic changes, altering gene expression patterns without changing DNA sequence, which can be heritable and increase risks for obesity, diabetes, and reproductive disorders in subsequent generations.

Cancer Risk and Other Endocrine Effects

  • BPA’s estrogenic effects may contribute to increased susceptibility to hormone-dependent tumors due to its endocrine-disrupting actions.​

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