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Partial Knee Replacement
A total knee replacement is a common, effective surgery that relieves arthritis pain and helps restore an active lifestyle. However, if arthritis affects only one part of the knee, a partial knee replacement can provide similar long‑term results with a faster recovery and some short‑term advantages.
Studies suggest that up to 50% of patients may qualify for partial knee replacement because their arthritis is limited to one compartment. According to orthopedic surgeon Trevor Murray, MD, patients often achieve a higher level of function after a partial replacement.
The knee has three compartments: medial (inner), lateral (outer), and patellofemoral (front). A total knee replacement replaces all three and removes the anterior cruciate ligament. A partial (unicompartmental) knee replacement resurfaces only the damaged compartment—usually the medial—while preserving the ligaments.
Knee replacement is mainly used for painful osteoarthritis that no longer responds to treatments such as physical therapy, bracing, NSAIDs, or injections. Partial replacement is suitable only when arthritis is confined to one compartment and may be especially beneficial for active people or older patients because it is less invasive.
Advantages of partial knee replacement include fewer complications, faster recovery, and a knee that often feels more natural. In the TOPKAT trial of 962 patients, partial and total knee replacements showed similar outcomes and revision rates (about 9%) at 10 years, though partial replacement was more cost‑effective.
A limitation is that arthritis may later develop in other compartments, requiring conversion to a total knee replacement. However, converting a partial to a total replacement is usually straightforward.
Good outcomes depend on proper patient selection, surgeon experience, and rehabilitation. Pre‑surgery exercises can strengthen the knee and improve recovery. The procedure typically takes about an hour. Many patients go home the same day, use a walker or cane for about two weeks, and recover about 80–90% of function within two to three months, with continued improvement for up to a year.
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