Gestational Diabetes Prevalence High
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States may be as high as 9.2%, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
“The true prevalence of [GDM] is unknown,” write Carla DeSisto, MPH, from the CDC, and colleagues, but the closest estimates are based on data collected from birth certificates and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) questionnaire. According to their study, 1% to 14% of pregnant women in the United States could develop GDM annually, depending on the type of diagnostic test used and the population studied. The study was published in the June 19 issue of Preventing Chronic Disease.
The purpose of the study was to determine GDM prevalence rates on the basis of birth certificates and PRAMS questionnaires and to compare GDM prevalence identified on the PRAMS questionnaires across 2007-2008 and 2009-2010. PRAMS is “an ongoing, state-based, population-based surveillance system that collects information about maternal behaviors before, during, and after pregnancies that result in live births,” the authors write.
Women with GDM have a high risk of developing complications related to pregnancy and delivery, such as infant macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and cesarean delivery. In addition, they are more than 7 times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes 5 to 10 years later.
Their offspring also have an increased risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic complications. Risk factors for GDM include family history of diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, nonwhite race, advanced maternal age, and higher parity.
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