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Smoking in pregnancy tied to kids’ conduct problems
Children of women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy are more likely to have behavioral problems than those whose mothers didn’t light up, says a new analysis.
The evidence is emerging that smoking in pregnancy and the frequency of smoking in pregnancy is correlated with developmental outcomes after (children) are born.
Previous research has tied smoking cigarettes during pregnancy to behavior problems among children later on, but those studies couldn’t rule out the influence of other factors, such as genetics or parenting techniques.
Researcher have noted that mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have parenting styles that condone acting out.
For the new analysis, the researchers pulled together data from three studies from New Zealand, the UK and the U.S. that asked women whether or not they smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. Parents and teachers then reported on children’s conduct problems – such as getting in fights or having difficulty paying attention – between age four and 10.
The analysis also compared children who were raised by adoptive mothers to children who were raised by their biological mothers in an effort to tease out the influence of genetics and parenting styles on any link between prenatal smoking and behavior.
The researchers compared children’s behavior scores to an average of 100, where higher scores indicate more conduct problems.
In studies that looked at women who raised their own biological children, those who didn’t smoke during pregnancy had kids who scored about a 99, on average, compared to a score of 104 among children whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day.
That difference, according to Harold, would be noticeable in daily life.
Similar results were observed for children who were raised by adoptive mothers when researchers surveyed their birth mothers about smoking. It’s illuminating the prenatal period as having an ongoing influence on outcomes.
There are a few explanations for why smoking may influence later conduct, including that babies of mothers who smoke may be born smaller or have impaired brain development.
The sourced has not been reasoned out. It’s one thing if mom is smoking, but what if mom is getting exposed from a partner or a smoking environment? One thing is certain, the new findings add to the reasons for women not to smoke while pregnant.
Providing a healthy and safe prenatal environment, giving that child the best possible starting place, helps the child in the long term.
SOURCE: bit.ly/P0ZWgC JAMA Psychiatry, online July 24, 2013.
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